from MARIA MACHARIA in Nairobi, Kenya
Kenya Bureau
NAIROBI, (CAJ News) – INTERNET shutdowns across Africa have more than doubled since 2016, with governments increasingly using digital blackouts to stifle dissent and restrict access to information, according to new research.
A study by the African Digital Rights Network, published in the book Internet Shutdowns in Africa and convened by the Institute of Development Studies (IDS), reveals that at least 190 shutdowns were recorded across 41 African countries between 2016 and 2024.
The number rose steadily from 14 shutdowns in 2016 to 28 in 2024, underscoring what researchers describe as the spread of “digital authoritarianism.”
Ethiopia topped the list with 30 shutdowns, largely during the Tigray conflict, where connectivity blackouts cut millions off from communication, education, health services, and humanitarian support.
Sudan followed with 21 shutdowns, often imposed during mass protests and political uprisings.
Algeria ranked third with 14 shutdowns, with incidents occurring almost every year since 2018.
“Each internet shutdown violates human rights and damages the economy,” said Tony Roberts, IDS Research Fellow and co-editor of the book.
“As more people rely on the internet to work, study, and communicate, blackouts strip citizens of their rights to expression, association, and participation.”
The book warns that shutdowns are now entrenched as a political weapon, typically ordered by governments and executed by internet service providers.
Researchers argue that the tactic not only silences protest movements but also entrenches power imbalances by shielding ruling elites from accountability.
Felicia Anthonio, a global expert on internet shutdowns and co-editor of the book, noted: “Governments are normalising blackouts to suppress dissent, quell protests, and even manipulate elections. These shutdowns are growing in frequency, with devastating consequences for rights and livelihoods.”
While some shutdowns draw international condemnation, many pass with little scrutiny in contexts where civil society and independent media are weakened. Researchers stress the need for regional cooperation and for telecom companies to resist unlawful shutdown orders, particularly during elections and civic demonstrations.
The study concludes that with Africa’s digital economy expanding, curbing internet shutdowns is critical for safeguarding human rights and sustaining economic growth across the continent.
– CAJ News